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Clinical efficacy of probiotics in different disease conditions
Clinical Condition | Results / Conclusions | References |
---|---|---|
Gastrointestinal Diseases |
This meta-analysis reviewed 84 trials including 10,351 patients; Probiotics are generally beneficial in treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. |
Ritchie ML and Romanuk TN, 2012 PLoS ONE 7(4):e34938. |
Treatment of Acute Infectious Diarrhoea |
This Cochrane review analysed 63 studies which includes 8014 subjects; Shortened duration of diarrhoea and reduced stool frequency. |
Allen SJ et al, 2010 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 11:CD003048. |
Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 82 RCT’s involving 11811 subjects which suggests that probiotics are associated with reduction in AAD with an RR of 0.58. The treatment effect equates to an NNT of 13. |
Hempel S et al, 2012 JAMA 307(18): 1959-1967. |
Prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
This review includes 31 RCT’s with 4492 subjects that reduce the risk of developing CDAD by 64% in adults and children. |
Goldenberg JZ et al, 2013 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 5:CD006095. |
Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) |
The study includes 19 RCT’s involving 1650 patients that concludes probiotics appear to be efficacious in IBS but the magnitude of benefit and the most effective species and strain are uncertain. |
Moayyedi P et al, 2010 Gut 59:325-332. |
Constipation |
This meta-analysis reviewed 5 RCT’s involving 377 subjects and found that in adults, effect of treatment with Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010, Lactobacillus casei Shirota and E.coli Nissle 1917 was observed in defecation frequency and stool consistency. In children, L. casei rhamnosus Lcr35 showed beneficial effect. |
Chmielewska A and Szajewska H, 2010 World J Gastroenterol 16(1): 69-75. |
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 11 RCT’s with total of 2176 subjects; The probiotic studies using strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces and/or S thermophilus to prevent NEC shows reduction in the frequency and reduction in overall mortality. |
Deshpande G et al, 2010 Pediatrics [Meta-Analysis] 125:921-30. |
Common Infectious diseases |
A meta-analysis conducted on the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) analysed 10 trials involving 3451 participants and found that probiotics reduced the number of participants experiencing acute URTI. |
Hao Q et al, 2011 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 9:CD006895. |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) |
This review includes 4 RCT’s with total of 134 patients that shows probiotic therapies can reduce liver aminotransferases, total-cholesterol, TNF-α and improve insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. |
Ma YY et al, 2013 World J Gastroenterol 19(40):6911-6918. |
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Hill D et al. Front Microbiol. 2018 Sep 10;9:2107. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02107. - Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on CD4 Cell Count in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Kazemi A et al. J Diet Suppl. 2018 Sep 3;15(5):776-788. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1380103. - Effect of probiotics and synbiotics consumption on serum concentrations of liver function test enzymes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Khalesi S et al. Eur J Nutr. 2018 Sep;57(6):2037-2053. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1568-y. - Efficacy of probiotics: clinical and microbial parameters of halitosis.
Georgiou AC et al. J Breath Res. 2018 Aug 21;12(4):046010. doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/aacf49. - Effects of Probiotics on Inflammation and Uremic Toxins Among Patients on Dialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Thongprayoon C et al. Dig Dis Sci. 2018 Aug 11. doi: 10.1007/s10620-018-5243-9. - The effects of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation on blood parameters of renal function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
Firouzi S et al. Nutrition. 2018 Jul - Aug;51-52:104-113. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.01.007. - Reducing healthcare-associated infections incidence by a probiotic-based sanitation system: A multicentre, prospective, intervention study.
Caselli E et al. PLoS One. 2018 Jul 12;13(7):e0199616. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199616. - Treatment and Prevention of Recurrent Lower Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Rapid Review with Practice Recommendations.
Smith AL et al. J Urol. 2018 Jun 22. pii: S0022-5347(18)43408-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.04.088. - The effects of probiotic supplementation on metabolic status in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease.
Raygan F et al. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2018 Jun 19;10:51. doi: 10.1186/s13098-018-0353-2. - Effect of administration of a probiotic preparation on gut microbiota and immune response in healthy women in India: an open-label, single-arm pilot study.
Singh A et al. BMC Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun 15;18(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0819-6. - Probiotics Ameliorate Stool Consistency in Patients with Chronic Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
Yoon JY et al. Dig Dis Sci. 2018 Jun 7. doi: 10.1007/s10620-018-5139-8. - Treatment efficacy of probiotics on atopic dermatitis, zooming in on infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zhao M et al. Int J Dermatol. 2018 Jun;57(6):635-641. doi: 10.1111/ijd.13873. - Influence of Probiotics Administration on Gut Microbiota Core: A Review on the Effects on Appetite Control, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism.
Falcinelli S et al; J Clin Gastroenterol (2018) Jun 2.doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001064. - Strain-Specificity and Disease-Specificity of Probiotic Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
McFarland LV et al; Front Med (Lausanne) (2018) May 7;5:124 - Probiotics drive gut microbiome triggering emotional brain signatures.
Bagga D et al; Gut Microbes (2018) May 3:0. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1460015 - Effect of probiotic and prebiotic vs placebo on psychological outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial.
Kazemi A et al; Clin Nutr (2018) Apr 24. pii: S0261-5614(18)30161-4. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.04.010 - Oral Administration of Probiotics Increases Paneth Cells and Intestinal Antimicrobial Activity.
Cazorla SI et al; Front Microbiol (2018) Apr 16;9:736. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00736. eCollection - The use of probiotics in different phases of diverticular disease.
Ojetti V et al; Rev Recent Clin Trials (2018) Apr 2. doi: 10.2174/1574887113666180402143140 - The Brain-Intestinal Mucosa-Appendix- Microbiome-Brain Loop.
Vitetta L et al; Diseases (2018) Apr 1;6(2). pii: E23. doi: 10.3390/diseases6020023 - Systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials using probiotics in chronic periodontitis.
Ikram S et al. J Investig Clin Dent. 2018 Mar 31:e12338. doi: 10.1111/jicd.12338. - Efficacy of prophylactic probiotics in combination with antibiotics versus antibiotics alone for colorectal surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Wu XD et al; J Surg Oncol (2018) Mar 24. doi: 10.1002/jso.25038. - Microbiota Alteration After Long-Term Consumption of Probiotics in the Elderly.
Gao R et al; Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins (2018) Mar 8. doi: 10.1007/s12602-018-9403-1. - Comparative efficacy and tolerability of probiotics for antibiotic-associated diarrhea: Systematic review with network meta-analysis.
Cai J et al; United European Gastroenterol J (2018) Mar;6(2):169-180. - Modifying progression of aging and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases by probiotics and synbiotics.
Lye HS et al; Front Biosci (Elite Ed) (2018) Mar 1;10:344-351. - Probiotics and necrotizing enterocolitis.
Patel RM et al; Semin Pediatr Surg (2018) Feb;27(1):39-46. - Is it Useful to Administer Probiotics Together with Proton Pump Inhibitors in Children with Gastroesophageal Reflux?
Belei O et al; J Neurogastroenterol Motil (2018) Jan 30;24(1):51-57. - Probiotics: Myths or facts about their role in allergy prevention.
Krzych-Fałta E et al; Adv Clin Exp Med (2018) Jan;27(1):119-124.
Clinical efficacy of probiotics in different disease conditions
Clinical Condition | Results / Conclusions | References |
---|---|---|
Gastrointestinal Diseases |
This meta-analysis reviewed 84 trials including 10,351 patients; Probiotics are generally beneficial in treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. |
Ritchie ML and Romanuk TN, 2012 PLoS ONE 7(4):e34938. |
Treatment of Acute Infectious Diarrhoea |
This Cochrane review analysed 63 studies which includes 8014 subjects; Shortened duration of diarrhoea and reduced stool frequency. |
Allen SJ et al, 2010 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 11:CD003048. |
Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 82 RCT’s involving 11811 subjects which suggests that probiotics are associated with reduction in AAD with an RR of 0.58. The treatment effect equates to an NNT of 13. |
Hempel S et al, 2012 JAMA 307(18): 1959-1967. |
Prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
This review includes 31 RCT’s with 4492 subjects that reduce the risk of developing CDAD by 64% in adults and children. |
Goldenberg JZ et al, 2013 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 5:CD006095. |
Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) |
The study includes 19 RCT’s involving 1650 patients that concludes probiotics appear to be efficacious in IBS but the magnitude of benefit and the most effective species and strain are uncertain. |
Moayyedi P et al, 2010 Gut 59:325-332. |
Constipation |
This meta-analysis reviewed 5 RCT’s involving 377 subjects and found that in adults, effect of treatment with Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010, Lactobacillus casei Shirota and E.coli Nissle 1917 was observed in defecation frequency and stool consistency. In children, L. casei rhamnosus Lcr35 showed beneficial effect. |
Chmielewska A and Szajewska H, 2010 World J Gastroenterol 16(1): 69-75. |
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 11 RCT’s with total of 2176 subjects; The probiotic studies using strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces and/or S thermophilus to prevent NEC shows reduction in the frequency and reduction in overall mortality. |
Deshpande G et al, 2010 Pediatrics [Meta-Analysis] 125:921-30. |
Common Infectious diseases |
A meta-analysis conducted on the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) analysed 10 trials involving 3451 participants and found that probiotics reduced the number of participants experiencing acute URTI. |
Hao Q et al, 2011 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 9:CD006895. |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) |
This review includes 4 RCT’s with total of 134 patients that shows probiotic therapies can reduce liver aminotransferases, total-cholesterol, TNF-α and improve insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. |
Ma YY et al, 2013 World J Gastroenterol 19(40):6911-6918. |
- Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in adults and children.
Goldenberg JZ et al; Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2017) Dec 19;12:CD006095. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006095.pub4 - Adjuvant Probiotics and the Intestinal Microbiome: Enhancing Vaccines and Immunotherapy Outcomes.
Vitetta L et al; Vaccines (Basel) (2017) Dec 11;5(4). pii: E50. doi: 10.3390/vaccines5040050. - Benefits of probiotics in preterm neonates in low-income and medium-income countries: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.
Deshpande G et al; BMJ Open (2017) Dec 7;7(12);e017638. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017638. - Probiotics in Newborns and Children.
Lenfestey MW et al; Pediatr Clin North Am (2017) Dec;64(6):1271-1289. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.08.006. - Psychobiotics: A new approach for treating mental illness?
Misra S et al; Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr (2017) Nov 30; 1-7. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1399860 - The implication of probiotics in the prevention of dental caries.
Lin TH et al; Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2017) Nov 30; doi: 10.1007/s00253-017-8664-z. - Effects of probiotics on ghrelin and lungs in children with acute lung injury: A double-blind randomized, controlled trial.
Wang Y et al; Pediatr Pulmonol (2017) Nov 29; doi: 10.1002/ppul.23922 - Probiotics for prevention of Clostridium difficile infection.
Mills JP et al; Curr Opin Gastroenterol (2017) Nov 17; doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000410 - Probiotics and Their Use in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Amer M et al; Altern Ther Health Med (2017) Nov 14; pii: AT5641 - Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Brain Development.
Cerdó T et al; Nutrients (2017) Nov 14;9(11). pii: E1247. doi: 10.3390/nu9111247 - Probiotic bacteria cell walls stimulate the activity of the intestinal epithelial cells and macrophage functionality.
Lemme -Dumit JM et al; Benef Microbes (2017) Nov 10;1-12. doi: 10.3920/BM2016.0220 - Probiotics for management of functional abdominal pain disorders in children
Gordan M et al; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2017); Issue 11. Art. No.: CD012849. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012849. - The influence of probiotics on vaccine responses - A systematic review.
Zimmermann P et al; Vaccine (2017) Sep 15; pii: S0264-410X(17)31167-2. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.069 - Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health.
Markowiak P et al; Nutrients (2017) Sep 15;9(9). pii: E1021. doi: 10.3390/nu9091021. - Effects of Probiotics on Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Sepsis, Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Mortality, Length of Hospital Stay, and Weight Gain in Very Preterm Infants: A Meta-Analysis.
Sun J et al; Adv Nutr. 2017 Sep 15;8(5):749-763. doi: 10.3945/an.116.014605. Print 2017 Sep. - Probiotics Prevent Late-Onset Sepsis in Human Milk-Fed, Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Aceti A et al; Nutrients. 2017 Aug 22;9(8). pii: E904. doi: 10.3390/nu9080904. - Probiotics and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: A review and new evidence on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during and after antibiotic treatment.
Mantegazza C et al. Pharmacol Res. 2017 Aug 19. pii: S1043-6618(17)30923-4. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.001 - A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India.
Panigrahi P et al; Nature (2017) Aug 16; doi: 10.1038/nature23480 - Effect of Probiotics on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Controlled Trials.
Yao K et al; Med Sci Monit (2017) Jun 22;23:3044-3053. - Emerging concepts in the nutraceutical and functional properties of pectin-A Review.
Naqash F et al; Carbohydr Polym (2017) Jul 15;168:227-239 - Intestinal microbiota is altered in patients with colon cancer and modified by probioticintervention.
Hibberd AA et al; BMJ Open Gastroenterol (2017) Jul 3;4(1):e000145. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2017-000145. eCollection 2017 - Effects of probiotic intake on intestinal bifidobacteria of celiac patients.
Martinello F et al; Arq Gastroenterol (2017) Apr-Jun;54(2):85-90. doi: 10.1590/S0004-2803.201700000-07. Epub 2017 Feb 23 - Probiotics for the Prevention of Nosocomial Diarrhea in Children.
Hojsak I et al; J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (2017) Jun 2; doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001637. - Probiotics for prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Liu MM et al; PLoS One (2017) Jun 2;12(6): e0178870. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178870. eCollection 2017 - Assessing the Risk of Probiotic Dietary Supplements in the Context of Antibiotic Resistance.
Zheng M et al; Front Microbiol (2017) May 19; 8:908. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00908. eCollection 2017 - Positive Effect of Probiotics on Constipation in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysisof Six Randomized Controlled Trials.
Huang R et al; Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 Apr 28;7:153. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00153. eCollection 2017 - Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis and nosocomial infection in very low birth weight preterm infants.
Uberos J et al; Br J Nutr. 2017 Apr 26:1-7. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517000769. - Next-generation probiotics: the spectrum from probiotics to live biotherapeutics.
O'Toole PW et al; Nat Microbiol (2017) Apr 25; 2:17057 - Diabetes Management by Probiotics: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective.
Homayouni-Rad A et al; (2017) Int J Vitam Nutr Res. Apr 24:1-13. - The effect of probiotics as a treatment for constipation in elderly people: A systematic review.
Martínez-Martínez MI et al; Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017 Apr 14;71:142-149. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.04.004 - Probiotics for Preventing and Treating Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Current Evidence.
Zhong C et al; J Clin Gastroenterol (2017) Apr;51(4):300-311. - Probiotics and Subclinical Psychological Symptoms in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
McKean J et al; J Altern Complement Med (2017) Apr;23(4):249-258. doi: 10.1089/acm.2016.0023 - Probiotics may delay the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by restoring the gutmicrobiota structure and improving intestinal endotoxemia.
Xue L et al; Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 28;7:45176. doi: 10.1038/srep45176. - Impact of Antibiotics on Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Antibiotic- Associated Diarrhea.
Silverman MA et al; Gastroenterol Clin North Am (2017) Mar; 46(1):61-76. - Effect of probiotic supplementation on total lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and short chain fatty acids in 2–5-year-old children
Hemalatha Ret al; Microb Ecol Health Dis. (2017) Mar 10; 28(1): 1298340. - The influence of probiotics for preterm neonates on the incidence of atopic dermatitis-results from a historically controlled cohort study.
Damm JA et al; Arch Dermatol Res (2017) Mar 7; doi: 10.1007/s00403-017-1725-4 - Probiotics: A New Era of Biotherapy.
Alok A et al; Adv Biomed Res (2017) Mar 7; 6:31. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.192625 - Probiotic use in an infectious disease setting.
Reid G et al; Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther (2017) Mar 1:1-7. - The probiotics in dentistry: a narrative review.
Pujia AM et al; Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci (2017) Mar;21(6):1405-1412. - Effects of prebiotics and probiotics on gastrointestinal tract lymphoid tissue in hiv infected patients.
Feria MG et al; Rev Med Chil (2017) Feb;145(2):219-229. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872017000200010. - Effects of probiotics supplement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Hu YM et al; Med Clin (Barc) (2017) Feb 22; pii: S0025-7753(16)30716-3. - The effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms in humans: a systematic review.
Wallace CJ et al; Ann Gen Psychiatry (2017) Feb 20;16:14. - Potential Beneficial Effects of Probiotics on Human Migraine Headache: A Literature Review.
Dai YJ et al; Pain Physician (2017) Feb;20(2): E251-E255. - The "Golden Age" of Probiotics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Observational Studies in Preterm Infants.
Dermyshi E et al; Neonatology (2017) Feb 15;112(1):9-23. doi: 10.1159/000454668 - Timely use of Probiotics in Hospitalized Adults Prevents Clostridium difficile Infection: a Systematic Review with Meta-Regression Analysis.
Shen NT et al; Gastroenterology (2017) Feb 9; pii: S0016-5085(17)30136-1. - Role of lactic acid probiotic bacteria in IBD.
Vemuri R et al; Curr Pharm Des (2017) Feb 6; doi: 10.2174/1381612823666170207100025 - Probiotic strains modulate cytokine production and the immune interplay between human peripheral blood mononucear cells and colon cancer cells.
Djaldetti M et al; FEMS Microbiol Lett (2017) Jan 18; pii: fnx014. - Review of the mechanisms of probiotic actions in the prevention of colorectal cancer.
Dos Reis SA et al; Nutr Res (2017) Jan; 37:1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.11.009 - Review of the mechanisms of probiotic actions in the prevention of colorectal cancer.
Dos Reis SA et al; Nutr Res (2017) Jan;37:1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.11.009 - Can probiotics modulate human disease by impacting intestinal barrier function?
Bron PA et al; Br J Nutr (2017) Jan;117(1):93-107. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516004037
Clinical efficacy of probiotics in different disease conditions
Clinical Condition | Results / Conclusions | References |
---|---|---|
Gastrointestinal Diseases |
This meta-analysis reviewed 84 trials including 10,351 patients; Probiotics are generally beneficial in treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. |
Ritchie ML and Romanuk TN, 2012 PLoS ONE 7(4):e34938. |
Treatment of Acute Infectious Diarrhoea |
This Cochrane review analysed 63 studies which includes 8014 subjects; Shortened duration of diarrhoea and reduced stool frequency. |
Allen SJ et al, 2010 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 11:CD003048. |
Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 82 RCT’s involving 11811 subjects which suggests that probiotics are associated with reduction in AAD with an RR of 0.58. The treatment effect equates to an NNT of 13. |
Hempel S et al, 2012 JAMA 307(18): 1959-1967. |
Prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
This review includes 31 RCT’s with 4492 subjects that reduce the risk of developing CDAD by 64% in adults and children. |
Goldenberg JZ et al, 2013 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 5:CD006095. |
Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) |
The study includes 19 RCT’s involving 1650 patients that concludes probiotics appear to be efficacious in IBS but the magnitude of benefit and the most effective species and strain are uncertain. |
Moayyedi P et al, 2010 Gut 59:325-332. |
Constipation |
This meta-analysis reviewed 5 RCT’s involving 377 subjects and found that in adults, effect of treatment with Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010, Lactobacillus casei Shirota and E.coli Nissle 1917 was observed in defecation frequency and stool consistency. In children, L. casei rhamnosus Lcr35 showed beneficial effect. |
Chmielewska A and Szajewska H, 2010 World J Gastroenterol 16(1): 69-75. |
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 11 RCT’s with total of 2176 subjects; The probiotic studies using strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces and/or S thermophilus to prevent NEC shows reduction in the frequency and reduction in overall mortality. |
Deshpande G et al, 2010 Pediatrics [Meta-Analysis] 125:921-30. |
Common Infectious diseases |
A meta-analysis conducted on the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) analysed 10 trials involving 3451 participants and found that probiotics reduced the number of participants experiencing acute URTI. |
Hao Q et al, 2011 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 9:CD006895. |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) |
This review includes 4 RCT’s with total of 134 patients that shows probiotic therapies can reduce liver aminotransferases, total-cholesterol, TNF-α and improve insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. |
Ma YY et al, 2013 World J Gastroenterol 19(40):6911-6918. |
- Surfacing role of probiotics in cancer prophylaxis and therapy: A systematic review.
Dasari S et al; Clin Nutr (2016) Nov 24; pii: S0261-5614(16)31333-4 - Effect of probiotics on vaginal health in pregnancy. EFFPRO, a randomized controlled trial.
Gille C et al; Am J Obstet Gynecol (2016) Nov;215(5):608; e1-608.e7 - Pre- and probiotics for allergy prevention: time to revisit recommendations?
Forsberg A et al; Clin Exp Allergy. 2016 Oct 22. doi: 10.1111/cea.12838 - Efficacy of indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus strains to reduce cadmium bioaccessibility - An in vitro digestion model.
Kumar N et al; Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Oct 21 - The effects of administration of the Lactobacillus gasseri strain CP2305 on quality of life, clinical symptoms and changes in gene expression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Nobutani K et al; J Appl Microbiol. 2016 Oct 20. Doi: 10.1111/jam.13329. - Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by probiotic strains of Indian gut origin in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice.
Balakumar M et al; Eur J Nutr. 2016 Oct 18. - Diabetes management by probiotics: Current knowledge and future perspectives.
Rad AH et al; Curr Diabetes Rev. 2016 Oct 14 - Effects of Probiotics on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Famouri F et al; J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016 Oct 13. - Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced epithelial cell apoptosis, ameliorates inflammation and prevents colon cancer development in an animal model.
Gamallat Y et al; Biomed Pharmacother. 2016 Oct;83:536-541. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.001. - New Insights on the Use of Dietary Polyphenols or Probiotics for the Management of Arterial Hypertension.
De Brito Alves JL et al;Front Physiol. 2016 Oct 6;7:448. Ecollection 2016. - Prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis with probiotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sawh SC et al; peerj. 2016 Oct 5;4:e2429. Ecollection 2016. - Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG treatment improves intestinal permeability and modulates inflammatory response and homeostasis of spleen and colon in experimental model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
Khailova L et al; Clin Nutr. 2016 Oct 1. pii: S0261-5614(16)31265-1. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.025. - An In Vitro Approach to Study Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on the Faecal Microbiota and Selected Immune Parameters Relevant to the Elderly
Liu Y et al; PLoS One. 2016 Sep 9;11(9):e0162604. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162604. eCollection 2016. - Unexpected improvement in core autism spectrum disorder symptoms after long-term treatment with probiotics.
Grossi E et al; SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2016 Aug 26;4:2050313X16666231 - Probiotics in very preterm infants: the PiPS trial.
Deshpande G et al; Lancet. 2016 Aug 13;388(10045):655. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31271-5. - Probiotic-derived ferrichrome inhibits colon cancer progression via JNK-mediated apoptosis.
Konishi H et al; Nat Commun. 2016 Aug 10;7:12365. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12365. - Probiotics, gut microbiota and their influence on host health and disease.
Sánchez B et al; Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016 Aug 8. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201600240. [Epub ahead of print] - Disturbance in the Mucosa-Associated Commensal Bacteria Is Associated with the Exacerbation of Chronic Colitis by Repeated Psychological Stress; Is That the New Target of Probiotics?
Arase S et al; PLoS One. 2016 Aug 8;11(8):e0160736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160736. eCollection 2016. - Effect of Probiotics on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Huang R et al; Nutrients. 2016 Aug 6;8(8). pii: E483. doi: 10.3390/nu8080483. - Systematic review and meta-analysis: Multi-strain probiotics as adjunct therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication and prevention of adverse events.
McFarland LV et al; United European Gastroenterol J. 2016 Aug;4(4):546-61. doi: 10.1177/2050640615617358. Epub 2015 Nov 13 - Probiotics: Prevention of Severe Pneumonia and Endotracheal Colonization Trial-PROSPECT: a pilot trial.
Cook DJ et al; Trials. 2016 Aug 2;17:377. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1495-x - Probiotics for prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Wang Y et al; Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Aug;95(31):e4509. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004509. - Probiotic Conjugated Linoleic Acid Mediated Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells by Downregulation of NFκB.
Kadirareddy RH et al; Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(7):3395-403. - Probiotics and Time to Achieve Full Enteral Feeding in Human Milk-Fed and Formula-Fed Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Aceti A et al; Nutrients. 2016 Jul 30;8(8). pii: E471. doi: 10.3390/nu8080471. - Combination of specific allergen and probiotics induces specific regulatory B cells and enhances specific immunotherapy effect on allergic rhinitis.
Xu LZ et al; Oncotarget. 2016 Jul 29. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.10946. [Epub ahead of print] - Probiotics and the Microbiome in Celiac Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
Harnett J et al; Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9048574. doi: 10.1155/2016/9048574. Epub 2016 Jul 21. - The efficacy and safety of probiotics for prevention of chemoradiotherapy-induced diarrhea in people with abdominal and pelvic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wang YH et al; Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Jun 22. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.102. - Probiotics for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Samah S et al; Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016 Jun 18;118:172-182. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2016.06.014. [Epub ahead of print]. - The Role of Probiotics in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.
Han C et al; Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016 Jun 17;38(6):2464-2478 - Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Obesity, Insulin Resistance Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review of Human Clinical Trials.
Sáez-Lara MJ et al; Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Jun 13;17(6). pii: E928. doi: 10.3390/ijms17060928. - Centenary of the death of Elie Metchnikoff: A visionary and an outstanding team leader.
Cavaillon JM et al; Microbes Infect. 2016 Jun 7. pii: S1286-4579(16)30069-doi:0.1016/j.micinf.2016.05.008 - Effects of probiotic type, dose and treatment duration on irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed by Rome III criteria: a meta-analysis.
Zhang Y et al; BMC Gastroenterol. 2016 Jun 13;16(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12876-016-0470-z - Effect of probiotic and prebiotic fermented milk on skin and intestinal conditions in healthy young female students.
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Meng et al (2016) Mol Nutr Food Res Jan 28. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201500665 [Epub ahead of print]. - Prevalence of probiotic use among inpatients: A descriptive study of 145 U.S. hospitals.
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Smith-Norowitz and Bluth (2016) J Immunotoxicol 13(2):136-40. - Restoring vaginal microbiota: biological control of bacterial vaginosis. A prospective case-control study using Lactobacillus rhamnosus BMX 54 as adjuvant treatment against bacterial vaginosis.
Recine et al (2016) Arch Gynecol Obstet 293(1):101-7. - Induction of regulatory T cells: A role for probiotics and prebiotics to suppress autoimmunity.
Dwivedi et al (2016) Autoimmunity Rev 7 Jan, doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.01.002 - Use of Probiotics in Future Prevention and Treatment of Oral Infections
Jorgensen and Keller (2016) Oral Infections and General Health 4:125-136. - Probiotics alter the intestinal microbiome but do not prevent high fat diet dysbiosis in primates.
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Clinical efficacy of probiotics in different disease conditions
Clinical Condition | Results / Conclusions | References |
---|---|---|
Gastrointestinal Diseases |
This meta-analysis reviewed 84 trials including 10,351 patients; Probiotics are generally beneficial in treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. |
Ritchie ML and Romanuk TN, 2012 PLoS ONE 7(4):e34938. |
Treatment of Acute Infectious Diarrhoea |
This Cochrane review analysed 63 studies which includes 8014 subjects; Shortened duration of diarrhoea and reduced stool frequency. |
Allen SJ et al, 2010 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 11:CD003048. |
Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 82 RCT’s involving 11811 subjects which suggests that probiotics are associated with reduction in AAD with an RR of 0.58. The treatment effect equates to an NNT of 13. |
Hempel S et al, 2012 JAMA 307(18): 1959-1967. |
Prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
This review includes 31 RCT’s with 4492 subjects that reduce the risk of developing CDAD by 64% in adults and children. |
Goldenberg JZ et al, 2013 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 5:CD006095. |
Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) |
The study includes 19 RCT’s involving 1650 patients that concludes probiotics appear to be efficacious in IBS but the magnitude of benefit and the most effective species and strain are uncertain. |
Moayyedi P et al, 2010 Gut 59:325-332. |
Constipation |
This meta-analysis reviewed 5 RCT’s involving 377 subjects and found that in adults, effect of treatment with Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010, Lactobacillus casei Shirota and E.coli Nissle 1917 was observed in defecation frequency and stool consistency. In children, L. casei rhamnosus Lcr35 showed beneficial effect. |
Chmielewska A and Szajewska H, 2010 World J Gastroenterol 16(1): 69-75. |
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 11 RCT’s with total of 2176 subjects; The probiotic studies using strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces and/or S thermophilus to prevent NEC shows reduction in the frequency and reduction in overall mortality. |
Deshpande G et al, 2010 Pediatrics [Meta-Analysis] 125:921-30. |
Common Infectious diseases |
A meta-analysis conducted on the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) analysed 10 trials involving 3451 participants and found that probiotics reduced the number of participants experiencing acute URTI. |
Hao Q et al, 2011 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 9:CD006895. |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) |
This review includes 4 RCT’s with total of 134 patients that shows probiotic therapies can reduce liver aminotransferases, total-cholesterol, TNF-α and improve insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. |
Ma YY et al, 2013 World J Gastroenterol 19(40):6911-6918. |
- An overview of advanced technologies for selection of Probiotics and their expectancy: A Review.
Yadav R and Shukla P (2015) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr Oct 27:0 [Epub ahead of print]. - Clinical application of probiotics in Diabetes Mellitus: Therapeutics and New Perspectives.
Bordalo Tonucci L et al (2015) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr Oct 25:0 [Epub ahead of print]. - Meta-analysis: Effects of probiotic supplementation on lipid profiles in normal to mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals.
Shimizu M et al (2015) PLOS ONE 10(10):e0139795. - Probiotic supplementation for preventing invasive fungal infections in preterm neonates – a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Agrawal S et al (2015) Mycoses 58(11):642-51. - Are probiotics useful for Helicobacter pylori eradication?
Homan M and Orel R (2015) World J Gastroenterol 21(37): 10644-10653. - Probiotics in 2015: Their Scope and Use.
Sanders ME (2015) J Clin Gastroenterol 49 Suppl 1:S2-6. - Does the scientific evidence support the advertising claims made for products containing Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacteria lactis? A Systematic Review.
Melendez-Illanes L et al (2015) J Public Health (Oxf) pii: fdv151. [Epub ahead of print]. - Efficacy and safety of vaginal medicinal product containing three strains of probiotic bacteria: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial.
Tomusiak A et al (2015) Drug Design, Development and Therapy 9: 5345–5354. - VSL#3 induces and maintains short term clinical response in patients with active microscopic colitis: a two-phase randomised clinical trial.
Rohatgi S et al (2015) BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2(1):e000018. - Probiotics are helpful in hepatic encephalopathy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.
Saab et al (2015) Liver Int Nov 12. doi: 10.1111/liv.13005. [Epub ahead of print]. - Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Aceti A et al (2015) Ital J Pediatr 41(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s13052-015-0199-2. - Effect of probiotics on blood lipid concentration: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Cho et al 2015 Medicine (Baltimore) 94(43):e1714. - Use of probiotics in pediatric infectious diseases.
Caffarelli C et al (2015) Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther Oct 23:1-19. [Epub ahead of print]. - Probiotic supplementation influences faecal short chain fatty acids in infants.
Kim HK et al (2015) Benef Microbes 13:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]. - Establishing a causal link between gut microbes, body weight gain and glucose metabolism.
Stenman LK et al (2015) Benef Microbes 13:1-12. [Epub ahead of print]. - Probiotic dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum modulates immunoglobulin levels and cytokines expression in whey proteins sensitized mice.
Shandilya UK et al (2015) J Sci Food Agric Oct 13. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7497. [Epub ahead of print]. - Is there a role for probiotics in the prevention of preterm birth?
Yang S et al (2015) Front Immunol 6:62. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00062. - A review of the systematic review process and its applicability for use in evaluating evidence for health claims on probiotic foods in the European Union.
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Ferolla SM et al (2015) World J Gastroenterol 7(3):559-65. - Alteration of Gut Microbiota and Efficacy of Probiotics in Functional Constipation.
Choi CH and Chang SK (2015) J Neurogastroenterol Motil 21(1):4-7. - The history of probiotics: the untold story.
Ozen M and Dinleyici EC (2015) Benef Microbes 9:1-7. - The impact of early gut microbiota modulation on the risk of child disease: alert to accuracy in probiotic studies.
Isolauri E and Salminen S (2015) 25:1-5. - Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and the immune system: experimental data and clinical evidence.
Frei R et al (2015) Curr Opin Gastroenterol 31(2):153-8.
Clinical efficacy of probiotics in different disease conditions
Clinical Condition | Results / Conclusions | References |
---|---|---|
Gastrointestinal Diseases |
This meta-analysis reviewed 84 trials including 10,351 patients; Probiotics are generally beneficial in treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. |
Ritchie ML and Romanuk TN, 2012 PLoS ONE 7(4):e34938. |
Treatment of Acute Infectious Diarrhoea |
This Cochrane review analysed 63 studies which includes 8014 subjects; Shortened duration of diarrhoea and reduced stool frequency. |
Allen SJ et al, 2010 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 11:CD003048. |
Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 82 RCT’s involving 11811 subjects which suggests that probiotics are associated with reduction in AAD with an RR of 0.58. The treatment effect equates to an NNT of 13. |
Hempel S et al, 2012 JAMA 307(18): 1959-1967. |
Prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
This review includes 31 RCT’s with 4492 subjects that reduce the risk of developing CDAD by 64% in adults and children. |
Goldenberg JZ et al, 2013 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 5:CD006095. |
Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) |
The study includes 19 RCT’s involving 1650 patients that concludes probiotics appear to be efficacious in IBS but the magnitude of benefit and the most effective species and strain are uncertain. |
Moayyedi P et al, 2010 Gut 59:325-332. |
Constipation |
This meta-analysis reviewed 5 RCT’s involving 377 subjects and found that in adults, effect of treatment with Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010, Lactobacillus casei Shirota and E.coli Nissle 1917 was observed in defecation frequency and stool consistency. In children, L. casei rhamnosus Lcr35 showed beneficial effect. |
Chmielewska A and Szajewska H, 2010 World J Gastroenterol 16(1): 69-75. |
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 11 RCT’s with total of 2176 subjects; The probiotic studies using strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces and/or S thermophilus to prevent NEC shows reduction in the frequency and reduction in overall mortality. |
Deshpande G et al, 2010 Pediatrics [Meta-Analysis] 125:921-30. |
Common Infectious diseases |
A meta-analysis conducted on the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) analysed 10 trials involving 3451 participants and found that probiotics reduced the number of participants experiencing acute URTI. |
Hao Q et al, 2011 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 9:CD006895. |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) |
This review includes 4 RCT’s with total of 134 patients that shows probiotic therapies can reduce liver aminotransferases, total-cholesterol, TNF-α and improve insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. |
Ma YY et al, 2013 World J Gastroenterol 19(40):6911-6918. |
- The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic.
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Sheridan PO et al (2014) Gut Microbes 5(1):74-82. - Effects of genetic, processing or product formulation changes on efficacy and safety of probiotics.Sanders ME et al (2014) Ann N Y Acad Sci 1309:1-18.
- Aging gut and role of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics
Patel PJ et al (2014) Journal of Clinical Gerontology & Geriatrics 5:3-6. - Impact of genomics on the field of probiotic research.
Johnson BR and KlaenhammerTR (2014) Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 106(1):141-56. - Novel probiotics and prebiotics: road to the market.
Kumar H et al (2014) Curr Opin Biotechnol 32C:99-103. - Necrotizing Enterocolitis – Is there evidence for use of probiotics?
Yang E et al (2014) Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 47(9):804-10. - Gastrointestinal Mucositis – current evidence and potential clinical
applications.
Touchefeu Y et al (2014) Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 40(5):409-21. - Gut microbiota, probiotics and diabetes.
Gomes AC et al (2014) Nutrition Journal 13:60. - Effectiveness of probiotics on the duration of illness in healthy children and adults who develop common acute respiratory infectious conditions.
King S et al (2014) Br J Nutr 112(1):41-54. - Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis – Recent Evidence.
Aoki T et al (2014) Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 49(5):552-563.Koga H et al (2013) Hepatology International 7(2):767-774. - The intestinal microbiome, probiotics and prebiotics in neurogastroenterology.
Saulnier DM et al (2013) Gut Microbes 4(1):17-27. - Short chain fatty acids play an important role in immunity
Matsuki T et al (2013) PLoS ONE 8(4):e63053. - An update on the use and investigation of probiotics in health and disease.
Sanders ME et al (2013) Gut 62:787-796. - Probiotics in breast cancer
Toi M et al (2013) Current Nutrition & Food Science 9 (3):194–200. - Are probiotic benefits strain specific?
Wang J et al (2014) The ISME Journal 1-15. - Vaginal Microbiome and Host response
Bisanz JE et al (2014) PLoS One 9(8): e104511.
Clinical efficacy of probiotics in different disease conditions
Clinical Condition | Results / Conclusions | References |
---|---|---|
Gastrointestinal Diseases |
This meta-analysis reviewed 84 trials including 10,351 patients; Probiotics are generally beneficial in treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. |
Ritchie ML and Romanuk TN, 2012 PLoS ONE 7(4):e34938. |
Treatment of Acute Infectious Diarrhoea |
This Cochrane review analysed 63 studies which includes 8014 subjects; Shortened duration of diarrhoea and reduced stool frequency. |
Allen SJ et al, 2010 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 11:CD003048. |
Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 82 RCT’s involving 11811 subjects which suggests that probiotics are associated with reduction in AAD with an RR of 0.58. The treatment effect equates to an NNT of 13. |
Hempel S et al, 2012 JAMA 307(18): 1959-1967. |
Prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
This review includes 31 RCT’s with 4492 subjects that reduce the risk of developing CDAD by 64% in adults and children. |
Goldenberg JZ et al, 2013 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 5:CD006095. |
Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) |
The study includes 19 RCT’s involving 1650 patients that concludes probiotics appear to be efficacious in IBS but the magnitude of benefit and the most effective species and strain are uncertain. |
Moayyedi P et al, 2010 Gut 59:325-332. |
Constipation |
This meta-analysis reviewed 5 RCT’s involving 377 subjects and found that in adults, effect of treatment with Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010, Lactobacillus casei Shirota and E.coli Nissle 1917 was observed in defecation frequency and stool consistency. In children, L. casei rhamnosus Lcr35 showed beneficial effect. |
Chmielewska A and Szajewska H, 2010 World J Gastroenterol 16(1): 69-75. |
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) |
This meta-analysis reviewed 11 RCT’s with total of 2176 subjects; The probiotic studies using strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces and/or S thermophilus to prevent NEC shows reduction in the frequency and reduction in overall mortality. |
Deshpande G et al, 2010 Pediatrics [Meta-Analysis] 125:921-30. |
Common Infectious diseases |
A meta-analysis conducted on the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) analysed 10 trials involving 3451 participants and found that probiotics reduced the number of participants experiencing acute URTI. |
Hao Q et al, 2011 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 9:CD006895. |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) |
This review includes 4 RCT’s with total of 134 patients that shows probiotic therapies can reduce liver aminotransferases, total-cholesterol, TNF-α and improve insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. |
Ma YY et al, 2013 World J Gastroenterol 19(40):6911-6918. |